Trim the excess fat from the chicken thighs. Combine chicken, water, onion, garlic, carrots, salt, peppercorns and bay leaf in a soup pot or Dutch oven. Bring to a boil over medium-high flame, then reduce to medium-low and simmer, covered, for about 45 minutes.
Remove chicken to a plate and let cool slightly. Discard bay leaf.
In a small bowl, stir about 1/2 cup of broth into the peanut butter and mix until smooth. Add peanut butter mixture to pot, along with the tomatoes, ginger, curry powder, cayenne pepper, crushed red pepper flakes and white wine, if using. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer, partially covered, for 20 minutes, to let the flavors meld, skimming off fat with a spoon, if necessary (I didn’t need to do this).
Meanwhile, cook rice. Also meanwhile, separate the chicken meat from the skin and the bones. Cut the chicken into bite-sized chunks and return to the pot to warm through. Taste and adjust seasoning with salt.
Spoon rice into bowls and top with the stew.